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8.
The Law of the Sea (United Nations
Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982) – Regulates maritime rights and responsibilities,
including territorial waters, exclusive economic zones, and the rights of ships and states.
9.
The International Convention on the
Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965) – Aims to eliminate racial discrimination and promote
equality among all races.
10.
The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation
of Nuclear Weapons (NPT, 1968) – Seeks to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons,
promote disarmament, and facilitate peaceful uses of nuclear energy.
11.
The Paris Agreement
(2015) – A landmark
international treaty to combat climate change, aiming to limit global warming to below 2°C compared to
pre-industrial levels.
12.
The Convention on the Prevention and
Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948) – Establishes the international legal framework for the
prevention and punishment of genocide.
13.
The Convention Relating to the
Status of Refugees (1951) –
Protects the rights of refugees, including the right to seek asylum and the principle of non-refoulement (not
returning refugees to countries where they face danger).
14.
The World Trade Organization (WTO)
Agreements (1995) –
Regulates international trade and aims to promote fair trade practices and resolve disputes between
countries.
15.
The International Labour
Organization (ILO) Conventions – Set international labor standards, including rights
related to fair wages, working hours, and the protection of workers.
16.
The Convention on Biological
Diversity (1992) – Aims to
preserve biodiversity, promote sustainable development, and ensure fair access to genetic
resources.
17.
The International Convention Against
Corruption (2003) – Aims to
prevent corruption in international business and government.
18.
The International Court of Justice
Statute (1945) – Establishes
the International Court of Justice (ICJ), which settles disputes between states and gives advisory opinions
on international legal questions.
19.
The Declaration on the Granting of
Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples (1960) – Declares the right of all people to self-determination
and independence from colonial rule.
20.
The Convention Against Torture and
Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) – Prohibits torture and other forms of ill-treatment,
aiming to protect individuals from abuse by state actors.
These laws and conventions form the backbone of
international legal frameworks governing state conduct, human rights, environmental protection, trade, and
security.
1.
Accession
– The formal act by which a state agrees to
be bound by a treaty that has already been negotiated and signed by other
parties.
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